{"product_id":11177,"v_id":11177,"product_name":"Cisco Catalyst Industrial Ethernet 3x00 Rugged Series (IE3200, IE3300, IE3400, IE3400H) Switches running IOS-XE 17.3","certification_status":"Certified","certification_date":"2021-08-29T00:00:00Z","tech_type":"Network Device, Network Switch","vendor_id":{"name":"Cisco Systems, Inc.","website":"https://www.cisco.com"},"vendor_poc":"Cert Team","vendor_phone":"9193924335","vendor_email":"certteam@cisco.com","assigned_lab":{"cctl_name":"Gossamer Security Solutions"},"product_description":"<p class=\"Body\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">The TOE is comprised of both software and hardware.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>The hardware is comprised of the following hardware models: </span><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt;\">Cisco Catalyst Industrial Ethernet IE3x00 Rugged Series (IE3200, IE3300, IE3400 and IE3400H) switches. <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>The software is comprised of the <span class=\"content\">Universal Cisco Internet Operating System (IOS) XE software image </span></span><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Release IOS-XE 17.3.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><a name=\"_Hlk48811264\"></a><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;\">The Cisco Catalyst Industrial Ethernet IE3x00 Rugged Series Switches primary features include the following:</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk48811264;\"><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">&middot;&nbsp; &nbsp; </span></span></span>Central processor that supports all system operations;</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk48811264;\"><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">&middot;</span></span></span>&nbsp; &nbsp; Dynamic memory, used by the central processor for all system operation;</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk48811264;\"><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">&middot;&nbsp; &nbsp; </span></span></span>x86 CPU complex with minimum, based on model of 2 GB memory, 1.5 GB of flash and external USB 4GB SD pluggable storage slot (optional);</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk48811264;\"><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">&middot;&nbsp; &nbsp; </span></span></span>Flash memory (EEPROM), used to store the Cisco IOS-XE image (binary program);</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk48811264;\"><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">&middot;</span></span></span>&nbsp; &nbsp; Non-volatile read-only memory (ROM) is used to store the bootstrap program and power-on diagnostic programs and</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk48811264;\"><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">&middot;&nbsp; &nbsp; </span></span></span>Non-volatile random-access memory (NVRAM) is used to store switch configuration parameters that are used to initialize the system at start-up.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk48811264;\"><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">&middot;&nbsp; &nbsp; </span></span></span>Physical network interfaces (minimally two) (e.g. RJ45 serial and standard 10/100/1000 Ethernet ports).&nbsp; Some models have a fixed number and/or type of interfaces; some models have slots that accept additional network interfaces;</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk48811264;\"><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">&middot;&nbsp; &nbsp; </span></span></span>Dedicated management port on the switch, RJ-45 console port and a USB mini-Type B console connection an<span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk48811264;\"><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 12.5pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; color: black;\">d</span></span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" style=\"mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; margin: 0in 0in 6.0pt .75in;\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk48811264;\"><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">&middot;</span></span></span>&nbsp; &nbsp; Built for harsh environments and temperature ranges, fanless, convection-cooled with no moving parts for extended durability and hardened for vibration, shock and surge, and electrical noise immunity.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;\">The Cisco Catalyst Industrial Ethernet IE3x00 Rugged Series Switches are switching and routing platforms that provide connectivity and security services.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>These switches offer broadband speeds and simplified management to small businesses, and enterprise small branch and teleworkers.</span></p>","evaluation_configuration":"<p class=\"Body\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">The TOE is comprised of both software and hardware.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>The hardware is comprised of the following hardware models </span><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt;\">IE3200, IE3300, IE3400 and IE3400H. The software is comprised of the <span class=\"content\">Universal Cisco Internet Operating System (IOS) XE software image </span></span><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Release IOS-XE 17.3.</span></p>","security_evaluation_summary":"<p class=\"MsoBodyText\"><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;\">The evaluation was carried out in accordance to the Common Criteria Evaluation and Validation Scheme (CCEVS) requirements and guidance. The criteria against which the TOE was judged are described in the <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Common Criteria for Information Technology Security Evaluation, Version 3.1, Revision 5, April 2017</em>. The evaluation methodology used by the evaluation team to conduct the evaluation is the <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Common Methodology for Information Technology Security Evaluation, Evaluation Methodology, Version 3.1, Revision 5, April 2017</em>.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>The product, when delivered and configured as identified in the <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Cisco Catalyst Industrial Ethernet 3x00 Series (IE3200, IE3300, IE3400, IE340H Series) Switches running IOS-XE 17.3 Common Criteria Operational User Guidance And Preparative Procedures, Version 1.0, 27 May 2021</em> satisfies all of the security functional requirements stated in the <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Cisco Catalyst Industrial Ethernet 3x00 Series (IE3200, IE3300, IE3400, IE340H Series) Switches running IOS-XE 17.3 Common Criteria Security Target, Version 1.0, 3 August 2021</em>.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>The project underwent CCEVS Validator review.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>The evaluation was completed August 2021. Results of the evaluation can be found in the Common Criteria Evaluation and Validation Scheme Validation Report prepared by CCEVS.</span></p>","environmental_strengths":"<p class=\"Body\"><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\">The logical boundaries of the TOE are realized in the security functions that it implements. Each of these security functions is summarized below<strong>.</strong></span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Security Audit</span></strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">:</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;\">The Cisco Catalyst Industrial Ethernet IE3x00 Rugged Series Switches provide extensive auditing capabilities. The TOE generates a comprehensive set of audit logs that identify specific TOE operations. For each event, the TOE records the date and time of each event, the type of event, the subject identity, and the outcome of the event.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;\">The TOE is configured to transmit its audit messages to an external syslog server. Communication with the syslog server is protected using IPsec and the TOE can determine when communication with the syslog server fails.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>If that should occur, the TOE will store all audit records locally and when the connection to the remote syslog server is restored, all stored audit records will be transmitted to the remote syslog server.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;\">The audit logs can be viewed on the TOE using the appropriate IOS-XE commands.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>The records include the date/time the event occurred, the event/type of event, the user associated with the event, and additional information of the event and its success and/or failure.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>The TOE does not have an interface to modify audit records, though there is an interface available for the Authorized Administrator to clear audit data stored locally on the TOE.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Cryptographic Support</span></strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">:</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;\">The TOE provides cryptography in support of other TOE security functionality.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>All the algorithms claimed have CAVP certificates (Operation Environment &ndash; Xilinx ZU3EG processors).</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;\">The TOE leverages the IOS Common Cryptographic Module (IC2M) Rel5 (Firmware Version: Rel 5) that has been validated for conformance to the requirements of FIPS 140-2 Level 1.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;\">The TOE provides cryptography in support of secure connections that includes remote administrative management via SSHv2 and IPsec to secure the transmission of audit records to the remote syslog server.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>In addition, IPsec is used to secure the session between the TOE.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"page-break-after: avoid;\"><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Identification and Authentication</span></strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">:</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;\">The TOE performs two types of authentication: device-level authentication of the remote device (TOE peers) and user authentication for the Authorized Administrator of the TOE.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>Device-level authentication allows the TOE to establish a secure channel with a trusted peer.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>The secure channel is established only after each device authenticates the other.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>Device-level authentication is performed via IKE/IPsec mutual authentication.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>The IKE phase authentication for the IPsec communication channel between the TOE and syslog server is considered part of the Identification and Authentication security functionality of the TOE.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;\">The TOE provides authentication services for administrative users to connect to the TOE&rsquo;s secure CLI administrator interface.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>The TOE requires Authorized Administrators to authenticate prior to being granted access to any of the management functionality.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>The TOE can be configured to require a minimum password length of 15 characters as well as mandatory password complexity rules.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>The TOE provides administrator authentication against a local user database.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>Password-based authentication can be performed on the local serial console or SSHv2 interfaces.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>The SSHv2 interface also supports authentication using SSH keys.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;\">The TOE also provides an automatic lockout when a user attempts to authenticate and enters invalid information.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>When the threshold for a defined number of failed authentication attempts has exceeded the configured allowable attempts, the user is locked out until an Authorized Administrator can reenable the user account.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;\">The TOE uses X.509v3 certificates as defined by RFC 5280 to support authentication for IPsec connections.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Security Management</span></strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">:</span></p>\r\n<p>The TOE provides secure administrative services for management of general TOE configuration and the security functionality provided by the TOE.&nbsp; All TOE administration occurs either through a secure SSHv2 session or via a local serial console connection.&nbsp; The TOE provides the ability to securely manage:</p>\r\n<p><!-- [if !supportLists]-->&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Administration of the TOE locally and remotely;</p>\r\n<p><!-- [if !supportLists]-->&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Configuration of warning and consent access banners;</p>\r\n<p><!-- [if !supportLists]-->&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Configuration of session inactivity thresholds;</p>\r\n<p><!-- [if !supportLists]-->&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Updates of the TOE software;</p>\r\n<p><!-- [if !supportLists]-->&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Configuration of authentication failures;</p>\r\n<p><!-- [if !supportLists]-->&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Configuration of the audit functions of the TOE;</p>\r\n<p><!-- [if !supportLists]-->&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Configuration of the TOE provided services;</p>\r\n<p><!-- [if !supportLists]-->&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Configuration of the cryptographic functionality of the TOE.</p>\r\n<p>The TOE supports two separate administrator roles: non-privileged administrator and privileged administrator.&nbsp; Only the privileged administrator can perform the above security relevant management functions.&nbsp; The privileged administrator is the Authorized Administrator of the TOE and has the ability to enable, disable, determine and modify the behavior of all of the security functions of the TOE as described in this document.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Protection of the TSF</span></strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">:</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;\">The TOE protects against interference and tampering by untrusted subjects by implementing identification, authentication, and access controls to limit configuration to Authorized Administrators.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>The TOE prevents reading of cryptographic keys and passwords.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>Additionally, Cisco IOS-XE is not a general-purpose operating system and access to Cisco IOS-XE memory space is restricted to only Cisco IOS-XE functions.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;\">The TOE is able to verify any software updates prior to the software updates being installed on the TOE to avoid the installation of unauthorized software.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;\">The TOE internally maintains the date and time.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>This date and time are used as the timestamp that is applied to audit records generated by the TOE.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>The TOE provides the Authorized Administrators the capability to update the TOE&rsquo;s clock manually to maintain a reliable timestamp.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;\">Finally, the TOE performs testing to verify correct operation of the TOE itself and that of the cryptographic module.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">TOE Access:</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;\">The TOE can terminate inactive sessions after an Authorized Administrator configurable time-period.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>Once a session has been terminated the TOE requires the Authorized Administrator to re-authenticate to establish a new session.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>Sessions can also be terminated if an Authorized Administrator enters the &ldquo;exit&rdquo; command.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;\">The TOE can also display an Authorized Administrator specified banner on the CLI management interface prior to allowing any administrative access to the TOE.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">Trusted Path/Channels</span></strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;\">:</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;\">The TOE allows trusted path to be established to itself from remote administrators over SSHv2 and initiates outbound IPsec trusted channels to transmit audit messages to remote syslog servers.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>In addition, IPsec is used as a trusted channel to protect the communications with the CA server.</span></p>","features":[]}